推荐系统已广泛应用于不同的应用领域,包括能量保存,电子商务,医疗保健,社交媒体等。此类应用需要分析和挖掘大量各种类型的用户数据,包括人口统计,偏好,社会互动等,以便开发准确和精确的推荐系统。此类数据集通常包括敏感信息,但大多数推荐系统专注于模型的准确性和忽略与安全性和用户隐私相关的问题。尽管使用不同的风险减少技术克服这些问题,但它们都没有完全成功,确保了对用户的私人信息的密码安全和保护。为了弥合这一差距,区块链技术作为推动推荐系统中的安全和隐私保存的有希望的策略,不仅是因为其安全性和隐私性突出特征,而且由于其恢复力,适应性,容错和信任特性。本文介绍了涵盖挑战,开放问题和解决方案的基于区块链的推荐系统的整体综述。因此,引入了精心设计的分类,以描述安全和隐私挑战,概述现有框架并在使用区块链之前讨论其应用程序和利益,以指示未来的研究机会。
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It can be easy and even fun to sketch humans in different poses. In contrast, creating those same poses on a 3D graphics "mannequin" is comparatively tedious. Yet 3D body poses are necessary for various downstream applications. We seek to preserve the convenience of 2D sketching while giving users of different skill levels the flexibility to accurately and more quickly pose\slash refine a 3D mannequin. At the core of the interactive system, we propose a machine-learning model for inferring the 3D pose of a CG mannequin from sketches of humans drawn in a cylinder-person style. Training such a model is challenging because of artist variability, a lack of sketch training data with corresponding ground truth 3D poses, and the high dimensionality of human pose-space. Our unique approach to synthesizing vector graphics training data underpins our integrated ML-and-kinematics system. We validate the system by tightly coupling it with a user interface, and by performing a user study, in addition to quantitative comparisons.
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By transferring knowledge from large, diverse, task-agnostic datasets, modern machine learning models can solve specific downstream tasks either zero-shot or with small task-specific datasets to a high level of performance. While this capability has been demonstrated in other fields such as computer vision, natural language processing or speech recognition, it remains to be shown in robotics, where the generalization capabilities of the models are particularly critical due to the difficulty of collecting real-world robotic data. We argue that one of the keys to the success of such general robotic models lies with open-ended task-agnostic training, combined with high-capacity architectures that can absorb all of the diverse, robotic data. In this paper, we present a model class, dubbed Robotics Transformer, that exhibits promising scalable model properties. We verify our conclusions in a study of different model classes and their ability to generalize as a function of the data size, model size, and data diversity based on a large-scale data collection on real robots performing real-world tasks. The project's website and videos can be found at robotics-transformer.github.io
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This work studies networked agents cooperating to track a dynamical state of nature under partial information. The proposed algorithm is a distributed Bayesian filtering algorithm for finite-state hidden Markov models (HMMs). It can be used for sequential state estimation tasks, as well as for modeling opinion formation over social networks under dynamic environments. We show that the disagreement with the optimal centralized solution is asymptotically bounded for the class of geometrically ergodic state transition models, which includes rapidly changing models. We also derive recursions for calculating the probability of error and establish convergence under Gaussian observation models. Simulations are provided to illustrate the theory and to compare against alternative approaches.
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In collective decision-making, designing algorithms that use only local information to effect swarm-level behaviour is a non-trivial problem. We used machine learning techniques to teach swarm members to map their local perceptions of the environment to an optimal action. A curriculum inspired by Machine Education approaches was designed to facilitate this learning process and teach the members the skills required for optimal performance in the collective perception problem. We extended upon previous approaches by creating a curriculum that taught agents resilience to malicious influence. The experimental results show that well-designed rules-based algorithms can produce effective agents. When performing opinion fusion, we implemented decentralised resilience by having agents dynamically weight received opinion. We found a non-significant difference between constant and dynamic weights, suggesting that momentum-based opinion fusion is perhaps already a resilience mechanism.
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在本文中,我们考虑了分散的优化问题,在这些问题中,代理具有个人成本函数,以最大程度地减少受到子空间约束的约束,这些子空间约束需要整个网络的最小化器才能位于低维子空间中。这种约束的公式包括共识或单任务优化作为特殊情况,并允许更一般的任务相关性模型,例如多任务平滑度和耦合优化。为了应对沟通限制,我们提出并研究一种自适应分散策略,在该策略中,代理人在与邻居进行交流之前,使用差异随机量化器来压缩其估计。分析表明,在量化噪声的某些一般条件下,对于足够小的步长$ \ mu $,该策略在均方误差和平均比特率方面都是稳定的:通过减少$ \ mu $,可以将估计错误保持较小(按$ \ mu $)保持较小,而不会无限地增加比特率为$ \ mu \ rightarrow 0 $。模拟说明了理论发现和提议方法的有效性,表明可以实现分散学习,但仅需少量。
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乳腺癌是全球女性中最常见的癌症。乳腺癌的早期诊断可以显着提高治疗效率。由于其可靠性,准确性和负担能力,计算机辅助诊断(CAD)系统被广泛采用。乳腺癌诊断有不同的成像技术。本文使用的最准确的是组织病理学。深度传输学习被用作提议的CAD系统功能提取器的主要思想。尽管在这项研究中已经测试了16个不同的预训练网络,但我们的主要重点是分类阶段。在所有测试的CNN中,具有剩余网络既有剩余网络既有剩余和启动网络的启发能力,均显示出最佳的特征提取能力。在分类阶段,Catboost,XGBOOST和LIGHTGBM的合奏提供了最佳的平均精度。 Breakhis数据集用于评估所提出的方法。 Breakhis在四个放大因素中包含7909个组织病理学图像(2,480个良性和5,429个恶性)。提出的方法的准确性(IRV2-CXL)使用70%的Breakhis数据集作为40倍,100X,200X和400X放大倍率的训练数据分别为96.82%,95.84%,97.01%和96.15%。大多数关于自动乳腺癌检测的研究都集中在特征提取上,这使我们参加了分类阶段。 IRV2-CXL由于使用软投票集合方法而显示出更好或可比较的结果,该合奏方法可以将Catboost,XGBoost和LightGBM的优势结合在一起。
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传统上,来自摆姿势的图像的3D室内场景重建分为两个阶段:人均深度估计,然后进行深度合并和表面重建。最近,出现了一个直接在最终3D体积特征空间中进行重建的方法家族。尽管这些方法显示出令人印象深刻的重建结果,但它们依赖于昂贵的3D卷积层,从而限制了其在资源受限环境中的应用。在这项工作中,我们回到了传统的路线,并展示着专注于高质量的多视图深度预测如何使用简单的现成深度融合来高度准确的3D重建。我们提出了一个简单的最先进的多视图深度估计器,其中有两个主要贡献:1)精心设计的2D CNN,该2D CNN利用强大的图像先验以及平面扫描特征量和几何损失,并结合2)将密钥帧和几何元数据集成到成本量中,这允许知情的深度平面评分。我们的方法在当前的最新估计中获得了重要的领先优势,以进行深度估计,并在扫描仪和7个镜头上进行3D重建,但仍允许在线实时实时低音重建。代码,模型和结果可在https://nianticlabs.github.io/simplerecon上找到
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当代群指标通常是孤立使用的,专注于在个人或集体层面上提取信息。这些很少集成以推断群,其个人成员及其整体集体动态的顶级操作图片。本文的主要贡献是将有关群体的一系列指标组织成本体论的信息标记集合,以从外部观察者的识别剂的角度来表征群体。我们的贡献显示了我们标题为\ emph {swarm Analytics}的新研究领域的基础,其主要关注的是设计和组织群体标记的集合,以了解,检测,识别,跟踪和学习特定的见解关于一个群体系统。我们介绍了我们设计的信息标记框架,为群研究提供了新的途径,尤其是针对异质和认知群,这些群可能需要更高级的能力来检测机构并分类代理的影响和反应。
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智能建筑中的室内热舒适对乘员的健康和表现有重大影响。因此,机器学习(ML)越来越多地用于解决与室内热舒适的挑战。热舒适感的时间变化是调节居住者福祉和能耗的重要问题。但是,在大多数基于ML的热舒适研究中,不考虑时间中的时间方面,例如一天中的时间,昼夜节律和室外温度。这项工作解决了这些问题。它研究了昼夜节律和室外温度对ML模型的预测准确性和分类性能的影响。数据是通过在14个教室中进行的长达一个月的实地实验收集的,其中512名小学生。四个热舒适度指标被认为是深神经网络的输出,并支持数据集的向量机模型。时间变异性对学童舒适性的影响通过“一天中的时间”分析显示。预测准确性的时间差异已显示(多达80%)。此外,我们表明室外温度(随时间变化)对热舒适模型的预测性能产生了积极影响高达30%。时空环境的重要性通过对比的是微观级别(特定于位置)和宏观级别(整个城市的6个位置)的重要性。这项工作的最重要发现是,对于多种热舒适度指标,显示了预测准确性的明确提高,而天空中的时间和天空照明则有所增加。
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